RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS AND MODERN SPATIO-TEMPORALCHARACTERISTICS OF TULAREMIA FOCI ON THE TERRITORYOF THE EAST KAZAKHSTAN REGION

Abstract

Introduction. The incidence of tularaemia in Kazakhstan continues to be a pressing problem [7, 16]. Every year, human
cases and epizootic outbreaks among rodents are registered. To carry out anti-epidemic and preventive measures it is
necessary to have complete information about epidemiological features, level and structure of human morbidity, location and
boundaries of natural foci, the features of tularaemia microbe circulation, the species composition, the number of main carriers
and vectors of tularaemia and their infectiousness.
The objective of the study: current spatial and temporal status of tularaemia in the East Kazakhstan region from 2000 to
2020 in comparison with historical data to determine the epidemiological and epizootological situation and develop
recommendations for preventive measures.
Materials and methods. The results of epizootological survey of natural foci of tularaemia, official data of the Department
of Sanitary and Epidemiological Control of the region were used in the work. Methods of descriptive epidemiology methods,
geographic information systems were used for data analysis.
Results. As a result of our work, we have determined that there are four natural foci of tularaemia in East Kazakhstan
region. From 1942 to 1963 human cases were registered every year, during this period more than a thousand patients with
tularaemia were registered. Then until 2000 only sporadic cases were registered. Starting from 2000 to 2020 about 40
human cases of tularaemia were registered. In the study of rodents, ectoparasites, environmental objects, the causative
agent of the tularemium microbe is isolated. The conducted retrospective comparative analysis of the epizootic situation
indicates that currently there is epizootic activity in East Kazakhstan region.
Conclusions. The analysis of natural foci of tularemia in the territory of the East Kazakhstan region showed that it is
necessary to continue monitoring studies of carriers, carriers for the presence of the causative agent of the tularemia
microbe, to prevent mass cases of human disease. Increase coverage of settlements by zoological and parasitological work,
timely preventive measures, including vaccination of the population.