WORKING METHODS OF MEDICAL SISTERS WITH PATIENTSWITH BEHAVIORAL RISK FACTORS (SMOKING, ALCOHOL):LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

Introduction: The first place among the factors that determine human health belongs to a healthy lifestyle.The impact of
harmful effects of bad habits on health is very large - they destroy the body with the help of diseases that inevitably appear in
a person who smokes or drinks alcohol. To promote health, high performance and longevity, health workers should promote
the rejection of bad habits, form a healthy lifestyle and strengthen measures to prevent diseases. Due to the fact that in
recent years there have been trends in the development of nursing care, the role of nurses in the modern health care system
has significantly increased. Today, in developed countries, the nurse provides to people the most complete information about various aspects of health, helps people in forming a responsible attitude to their health, changes bad habits and promotes
the development of healthy lifestyles. In Kazakhstan there are no rules for patients with bad habits, therefore, there is no
need for their development.
Purpose: Conduct a systematic search for scientific information to study the work practices of nurses with patients who
have behavioral risk factors (smoking, alcohol use) in foreign countries.
Search strategy: an analysis of 53 English and Russian-language publications from CochraneLibrary, PubMed
databases, in electronic scientific libraries, in the national scientific portal of the Republic of Kazakhstan (nauka.kz) for the
last 18 years, with April 2001 to January 2019. Inclusion Criteria: Publications that contain information about problems
associated with smoking and alcohol use, and how nurses work with these behavioral risk factors. The following searches
were used for the search: “smoking, alcohol”, “the role of a nurse in promoting healthy lifestyles”, “nurse, addictions”,
“nursing care, smoking”, “nursing care, alcohol” “nursing guides, smoking, alcohol". Exclusion criteria: publications older than
20 years, abstracts, abstracts, articles with a weak evidence base.
Findings: Currently, the technology of nursing care in the early stages of the formation of chronic diseases is just
beginning to form. Proof of this is the lack of nursing guidelines for the management of patients with behavioral risk factors.
In order to prevent and reduce morbidity among the population, a nurse should actively carry out sanitary and educational
work with the population, using individual and group conversations, lectures, memos, brochures, posters, motivational
interviews, group games, training, anger management, yoga, weight control, meditation, self-confidence training, roleplaying. Educational programs should provide the patient with information about his illness, including the reasons for their
occurrence, the influence of risk factors, bad habits on their manifestation.