THE CURRENT STATE OF THE PROBLEM OF THE FORMATION ANDDYNAMICS OF THE INFANTS' MICROBIOTA. LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

Relevance: The human's microbiome is a complex and dynamic ecosystem. It plays an important role in the metabolism
and physiology of the individual. Research shows a critical relationship between the human microbiome and individual's
metabolism. The interaction between the microbiome and human's metabolism affects human health and disease. The more
researches are needed with the usage of new technologies for better understanding the formation of the microbiota.
The Aim: General characteristics of modern information about the trajectories of the formation of the microbiome of
infants.
Search strategy: The search for publicly available scientific publications was carried out using the following databases
of scientific publications and specialized search engines: PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Сyberleninca. A
number of original publications and reviews in the field of research over the past 10 years have been analyzed. As a result of
the search, we studied 1695 foreign and russian-language publications, of which 78 publications were included in this review.
Inclusion сriteria: Evidence level A, B publications: meta-analyses, systematic reviews, cohort and cross-sectional
studies. Exclusion criteria: short reports, newspaper articles and expert opinion in the form of short messages.
Results and conclusions: We have analyzed current data on the infant's gut microbiome and assessed the impact of
delivery and feeding patterns on its development. Unlike infants born vaginally, the gut microbiota of infants born by
caesarean section showed significantly less similarity to their maternal microbiome. The type of feeding (natural or artificial),
as well as the introduction of complementary foods into the diet of infants, has a significant impact on the composition and
functions of the microbiota in the early stages. The composition of the microbiota and the ecological network had distinctive
features influenced by the social determinants of health. These results form the basis for understanding the interaction
between the gut's microbiome and the human's body at an early age.