ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF MEDICAL AND SOCIAL FACTORS ON THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF PATIENTS WITH MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS OF THE BLOOD SYSTEM

Abstract

Introduction. Cancer is the second most common cause of death worldwide. Likewise, in Kazakhstan, it is a major health problem, and disease burden is escalating every year. Cancer chemotherapy produces unfavorable effects on the well-being of an individual. Since the past few years, quality of life (QoL) has been considered as the main goal of cancer treatment in the survival of a patient. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the QoL of patients with malignant neoplasms of the blood system and their factors, and to explore the factors associated with QoL of patients. Material and methods: In this cross-sectional study spanning January to March 2023, we enrolled adult blood cancer patients from the Abay and East Kazakhstan regions, assessing the QoL in 199 individuals with malignant neoplasms of the blood system. The 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) served as the assessment tool for QOL. Statistical analyses, including independent-samples t-tests and one-way analysis of variance, were employed to compare QOL subscale scores among groups with diverse sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Additionally, multiple regression analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with the QOL of patients and their determinants. Results: The results unveil below-average HRQoL scores, emphasizing a notable impact on mental well-being. Notably, "Role Emotional" consistently reflects lower quality of life across various age groups. Gender disparities are observed, with females facing challenges in "Role Physical," while males encounter difficulties in "Role Emotional," "Vitality," and "Mental Health." Age-related differences in "General Health" and "Vitality" highlight the necessity for targeted interventions based on age groups. Logistic regression analysis identifies gender, age, social status, and treatment frequency as significant predictors influencing different components of HRQoL. Conclusion: The findings underscore the importance of a holistic approach to cancer care, addressing medical, social, and psychological aspects for improved HRQoL and treatment outcomes.