EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF PREGNANT LOSSES. LITERATURE REVIEW.

Abstract

Relevance. Miscarriage is a spontaneous termination of pregnancy that leads to death at any time from implantation to
delivery. Miscarriage affects about a third of pregnancies and most often occurs before the onset of viability during the first
and beginning of the second trimesters. This is often an unfavorable event for both women and their partners and can be
associated with significant psychological trauma. Despite the frequency and potentially alarming nature of miscarriage, its
pathophysiology remains poorly understood, and its history, including the temporal ordering of signs and symptoms, in the
early stages of pregnancy has not yet been fully described. In this literature review, we will try to describe the causes and
frequency of the spread of early and recurrent miscarriage.
Objective. To analyze the literature data on the causes and frequency of prevalence of early and recurrent miscarriage.
Search strategy. The study examined full-text publications in English, which are devoted to early and recurrent
miscarriage of pregnancy. In the process of literature review, the following search engines were used: Pubmed, Web of
science, Scopus, Google Scholar by keywords. The time period was designated 2012-2022. The criteria for inclusion of
publications in the review were as follows: full-text publications in English, which are publicly available and contain
statistically confirmed conclusions. Exclusion criteria: summary reports, newspaper articles and personal messages. 230
publications have been identified on this topic. Of these, 68 publications corresponded to the purpose of our study.
Results and conclusions. Human reproductive health still faces serious problems. More and more couples are
struggling with conception. However, the biggest problem is still the high frequency of pregnancy loss after successful
conception. Previous studies have documented about 10% of registered pregnancy losses, however, another 10-15% of
early losses have never been observed in a hospital or clinic and, therefore, were not registered in the registers of diagnoses
at discharge. Some of these losses occur so early in pregnancy that women do not perceive them as pregnancy loss.